Trademark owners may request information from a trademark infringer, such as about the distribution channel or purchase prices (trademark infringement).

The trademark owner can assert various claims against an infringer, including damages in the amount of the profit the infringer has made from the trademark infringement.

In the field of intellectual property rights, intellectual property rights include trademarks, designs, patents, utility models, plant variety rights, semiconductor protection, and copyright.

Intellectual property rights serve the protection of intellectual property and refer to the protection of an industrially exploitable service and the protection of commercial trademarks.

The system of the International Trademark achieves trademark protection for a trademark that already exists as a national trademark or as a European Union Trade Mark by a single application in different countries.

“IR” stands for International Registration; see International Trademark